Faravahar or Foruhar is the most famous Zoroastrian symbol from ancient Persia. This symbol is also known as Far-e Kiyani (Royal Glory) and is recognized as the representation of Ahura Mazda. This ancient religious symbol is still popular in modern Iranian culture.
There is much debate about the meaning and significance of this symbol among historians. Explore this iconic symbol, decode its multifaceted meanings, and uncover its historical and religious importance in Zoroastrianism.
Origins and Historical Significance of the Faravahar Symbol
The ancient Iranian symbol is rooted in the winged sun symbol popular in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. During the Neo-Assyrian rule in Iran, this symbol was adopted by Iranians. The original Assyrian symbol depicted the deity Ashur in the center of the winged sun and usually included the tree of life.
The oldest existing examples of Faravahar exist as tomb engravings in Achaemenid historical sites, mainly on the tombs of Darius the Great and Artaxerxes III. This symbol is found in the ruins of Persepolis from the early first millennium BCE. Other examples of Faravahar are Seleucid coin mints from the rule of Vadfradad I during the second and third centuries BCE.
During the Sassanid era, the symbol was not used by the Zoroastrian government. The symbol was not used after the Arab Invasion of Persia at all. It re-emerged in the early 20th century when a Zoroastrian historian named Jamshedji Maneckji Unvala introduced it in two articles titled “The Winged Disk and the Winged Human Figure on Ancient Persian Monuments” and “Farohar / Fravahar motif: what does it represent? use of icons & symbols in Zoroastrianism”.
However, there is no evidence that this symbol is directly related to the ancient Zoroastrian religion. It was during the mid-20th century that this symbol was reintroduced and grew in popularity among modern Zoroastrian believers.
The Faravahar Symbol in Zoroastrian Culture
The Faravahar is a symbol attributed to Zoroastrianism in the modern era. It is often depicted with three layers of feathers, symbolizing the core tenets of the faith. A popular interpretation of this symbol attributes the three layers to good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. These principles lie at the heart of Zoroastrian ethics and serve as a guiding light for Zoroastrians.
This symbol is very popular among modern Zoroastrians who often wear it in the form of jewelry for protection. In recent years, it has grown beyond religious popularity and has become a symbol for those inspired by Ancient Persia.
Let’s break down what the symbol represents in Zoroastrian beliefs.
According to Zoroastrian philosophical teachings, each person has five aspects of existence:
- Body: the physical manifestation, which is mortal.
- Life: the life force that drives the body to action, which dissipates after death.
- Psyche: the sum of all thoughts, words, and deeds. It has free will and can choose between good and evil.
- Conscience: it prevents humans from evil deeds and instigates remorse.
- Fravashi (Faravahar): the spiritual essence of beings. This concept predates the Zoroastrian religion and is one of the main philosophical concepts in this religion.
Fravashi has several possible translations, but it mostly means the one who has been selected. It symbolizes the spiritual concept of an entity. In this sense, it can be compared to the Platonic ideal. In the Frawardin Yasht hymn, it is stated that the Fravashi are among the pillars of creation, and without them, the living would be lost to Angra Mainyu.
There is no description of a physical form for the Fravashi, but the Faravahar symbol is the depiction of a Fravashi. These beings are the aids to the Haurvatat (Khordad), an Amesha Spenta with dominion over Aban (the waters). They agree to enter the physical realm and help in the fight against the forces of Angra Mainyu.
It is possible that in ancient Persia, especially during the Achaemenid period, the royal family was promoted as the physical manifestation of the Fravashi mentioned earlier. This is why the symbol is known as Far-e Kiani or the royal essence. Its depiction on the tombs of Achaemenid and Seleucid kings is because according to Zoroastrian priests of their time, they were selected by Ahura Mazda to descend into the physical world and combat evil.
In this sense, the Faravahar symbol is not necessarily a Zoroastrian religious symbol and does not represent Ahura Mazda. However, most modern practitioners of Zoroastrianism use the symbol and consider it a sacred emblem.
Key Elements in the Faravahar Symbol
The Faravahar is an ancient symbol of Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions. It consists of several key elements, including wings, a head, and a body. The wings, which are outstretched and point upwards, symbolize divine grace, representing the divine guidance and protection that is always present.
The ring in the center of the chest reflects the eternal and cyclical nature of the universe. This ring is divided into two sections, symbolizing the balance between the forces of good and evil, and the choices that individuals must make. The Faravahar also depicts a human figure within the circle, representing the importance of human action and the concept of free will. Overall, the Faravahar serves as a powerful symbol of spiritual awareness, moral choices, and the interconnectedness of the material and spiritual worlds in Zoroastrianism.
The Faravahar as a Representation of the Soul
In Zoroastrian teachings, the Faravahar, an ancient symbol, is often interpreted as a representation of the human soul and its journey through life. The Faravahar consists of a central figure, which is often depicted as a winged disc, with a human figure emerging from within it. The central figure is usually flanked by two symmetrically placed wings, and is often shown holding a ring, which is believed to symbolize the eternal nature of the soul.
The Faravahar serves as a reminder of the individual’s ultimate destiny and the importance of leading a virtuous life. It is also seen as a symbol of guidance and protection, encouraging individuals to make choices that align with moral and ethical principles. The wings of the Faravahar are thought to represent the choices between good and evil, with individuals being encouraged to strive towards goodness and righteousness.
Faravahar and Asha
The Faravahar symbol embodies the concept of Asha, which represents truth and cosmic order. It serves as a powerful reminder to uphold moral integrity, make choices that align with these principles, and strive for righteousness in our actions.
The Faravahar carries profound ethical and moral lessons, encouraging individuals to lead a life that is in harmony with truth and cosmic order. It symbolizes the importance of ethical decision-making and the pursuit of virtuous conduct in all aspects of life.
In Zoroastrian Rituals and Practices
The Faravahar plays a significant role as the symbol of Zoroastrian religion in modern times. You can find this symbol in Zoroastrian holy sites. This ancient symbol, depicting a winged figure with a bearded human head, is seen as a visual representation of divine guidance and protection within the Zoroastrian faith.
The Faravahar serves as a powerful source of spiritual connection, reminding practitioners of the importance of wisdom, truth, and the eternal battle between forces of good and evil as central tenets of the religion. During rituals, the Faravahar is honored and venerated, deepening the worshippers’ sense of connection to the divine and their spiritual heritage. Devotees use the Faravahar as a focal point in their prayers and worship, seeking guidance, strength, and spiritual alignment with the teachings of Zoroastrianism.
The Modern Relevance of the Faravahar
The Faravahar, a symbol of Zoroastrianism, remains remarkably relevant today, representing the rich cultural heritage and values of the Zoroastrian identity. Its depiction of a winged figure with outstretched arms conveys resilience and a connection to the divine, making it a powerful emblem in contemporary times.
As a symbol of endurance and spiritual strength, the Faravahar continues to resonate with people around the world, fostering an appreciation for the enduring legacy of Zoroastrianism and its contributions to humanity.
Learn More About Ancient Iranian Religions
Delve deeper into the fascinating world of Zoroastrianism, explore the symbolism of other symbols beyond the Faravahar, and uncover the historical and religious significance of this ancient tradition.
Discover the timeless teachings and philosophical concepts that continue to inspire and resonate with people today. Immerse yourself in the wisdom of this ancient culture and gain a deeper understanding of its enduring legacy. Let’s embark on a journey to preserve and celebrate the intangible cultural heritage of ancient Iran.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Faravahar
If you have any other questions about the Faravahar symbol or Zoroastrianism, please let us know in the comments. We will respond as soon as possible.
What is Faravahar?
The Faravahar is a prominent symbol of Zoroastrianism, representing the spirit and essence of human beings. It symbolizes the soul’s journey toward perfection and the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
What does the Faravahar depict?
The Faravahar is typically depicted as a winged disc with a figure in the center. The figure, often interpreted as a guardian spirit, is shown with outstretched wings and holding a wreath, symbolizing achievement and reward.
What do the wings in Faravahar represent?
The wings of the Faravahar symbolize the pursuit of good thoughts, good words, and good deeds, which are central tenets of Zoroastrian ethics.
What does the circle in the Faravahar symbolize?
The circle represents the eternal nature of the soul and the cyclical nature of life, emphasizing continuity and the infinite aspect of existence.
Is the Faravahar used in modern times?
Yes, the Faravahar is widely used today, not only by Zoroastrians but also as a symbol of Persian identity and culture. It can be found in jewelry, art, and various cultural expressions.
How is the Faravahar different from other symbols in Zoroastrianism?
While the Faravahar symbolizes the individual soul’s journey and ethical conduct, other symbols like the fire represent purity and the divine truth in Zoroastrianism.
Can the Faravahar be used in rituals or ceremonies?
While the Faravahar itself is not usually the focus of rituals, it serves as a reminder of Zoroastrian values and principles during ceremonies and celebrations.
What should I know before using the Faravahar?
It’s essential to respect its cultural and religious significance, as it holds deep meaning for many Zoroastrians and represents their beliefs and values.
Where can I find more information about the Faravahar?
You can explore books on Zoroastrianism, and academic articles, or visit Zoroastrian temples and cultural centers for more in-depth knowledge.
Is there any controversy surrounding the Faravahar?
Like many symbols, the Faravahar can be subject to misinterpretation or misuse, particularly outside its cultural context. Engaging with the symbol responsibly and respectfully is crucial.
